NEW
WORDS 新单词
1) Futz: to cheat, rob, steal
偷：欺骗，抢劫，偷
My friends used to think that it was OK to futz candy
from the shop until they got caught by the police.
我的朋友们在被警察抓住以前，曾经以为从商店偷点糖果没事。
2) Five-finger discount: to steal something.
五个手指的打折：偷东西。
Doing the five-finger discount is like taking a short
cut to jail!
偷东西就像是走一条去监狱的捷径！
3) Intense: very serious
紧张：非常严肃
There are times when you have to be intense and then
there are other times when you should relax.
有时你不得不紧张严肃，但有时你也应该放轻松。
4) Skanky: repulsive person, ugly, unattractive
丑，烦人的：使人反感的人，丑，不吸引人的
A really skanky girl pinched my bum in a nightclub last
night.
昨晚在酒吧，一个很招人烦的女孩捏我的屁股。
Dialogue-对话：
Jessie: Do you consider yourself as
a winner or a loser?
Tina: I am definitely a winner.
Jessie: Have you ever been a loser?
Tina: Not really. But I have done some loser things
in my life.
Jessie: Like what?
Tina: Remember that really skanky guy that I dated a
few years ago?
Jessie: Oh yeah! He was a real loser.
Tina: Maybe, but I was a loser to date him!
Jessie: I know a great song that is all about winners.
Tina: I think I know which song you mean! Let's sing
it together.
捷西卡：你认为你自己是赢家还是输家？
提娜：我肯定是一个赢家。
捷西卡：你有曾经是输家的时候吗？
提娜：没有，但是在我的人生中，我有做过些失败的事情。
捷西卡：像什么？
提娜：你记得几年前我约会过的那个很让人反感的男人吗？
捷西卡：是的，他真是一个失败者！
提娜：也许，但和他约会我才是个失败者呢！
捷西卡：我知道一首关于赢家的非常棒的歌曲。
提娜：我想我知道你在说哪首歌！让我们一起唱吧。
New Words 生词
1) Geek: someone who studies too much
and parties too little
书虫：学习太多，但娱乐太少的人
The technology boom has turned many young geeks into
millionaires.
科学技术的兴起已经使很多年轻的书虫们成为百万富翁。
2) Nerd: like a geek but with worse
fashion sense
书呆子：像书虫一样，但时尚感更差
My sister always called me a nerd, but today I have
a great job while she flips burgers in McDonalds.
我的姐姐总叫我书呆子，但今天我有一个很好的工作，而她却在麦当劳里翻汉堡。
3) Scrub: to cancel something
算了，取消：取消某事
The plan was going well,but we had to scrub it at the
last minute because we ran out of ideas.
这个计划本来进行的很好，但我们不得不在最后一分钟时取消它，因为我们没有点子了。
Lesson: 课文
History of the Internet 因特网的历史
The internet's history can be traced
back to the ARPANET - which was started by the US Department
of Defense for research into networking sometime in
1969. Many people wanted to put their ideas into the
standards for communication between the computers that
made up this network, so a system was devised for putting
forward ideas. Basically you wrote your ideas in a document
and let everyone else read it. People commented on and
improved your ideas. The first such paper was written
on April 7th, 1969 - that is probably the closest thing
to a 'start date' for the internet.
因特网的历史最早可以被追述到ARPA （Advanced Research
Projects Agency，高级研究计划署）网络 - 这是一种由美国国防部于1969年间做网络研究时开始形成的网络。（当时）很多人想将他们的想法由一个标准统一，并能够在组成网络的各电脑之间进行交流，因此一种上传（各人）想法的系统被发明了。（这个系统）基本上就是你写下你的想法或主意，并使其他人也可以看到，然后人们可以给予评论并完善你的想法。第一张这样的文章写于1969年4月7日
- 这可能是距离因特网“诞生日”最近的事件。
ARPAnet was opened to non-military users
later in the 1970s, and early takers were the big universities
- although at this stage it resembled nothing like the
internet we know today. International connections (i.e.
outside the USA ) started in 1972, but the internet
was still just a way for computers to talk to each other
and for research into
networking.
ARPA网于七十年代后期向非军事用户开放，最早的使用者是那些大规模的大学，尽管当时的网络和我们今天知道的因特网没有一点相似之处。国际间的连网（在美国之外的）是从1972年开始的，但是当时的因特网还只是一种电脑之间进行交谈和做网络研究的手段。
It wasn't until the early to mid 1980s
that the services we now use most on the internet started
appearing. The concept of 'domain names', things like
'microsoft.com', and special `Domain Name Servers' were
not even introduced until 1984 - before that all the
computers were just addressed by their IP addresses
(numbers).
直到八十年代早中期，我们现在在因特网上使用的服务才开始出现。而“域名”的概念，“Microsoft.com”之类的事物和特殊的“域名服务器”直到1984年才被引用-
在这之前，所有的电脑都是用它们的IP地址（数字）来确认的。
Most protocols used for email and other
services appeared after this - although email itself
had been around much longer the way, it was sent between
institutions that was less standardized.
大多数用于电子邮件和其它服务的条约是在这之后才出现的 - 尽管学院之间发送的那种欠标准的电子邮件本身，已经存在很长时间了。
The part of the internet most people
are probably most familiar with is the World-Wide-Web.
This is a collection of hyperlinked pages of information
distributed over the internet via a network protocol
called HTTP (hyper-text-transfer-protocol). This was
invented by Tim Berners-Lee in
1989. He was a physicist working at CERN, the European
Particle Physics Laboratory, and wanted a way for physicists
to share information about their research - the World-Wide-Web
was his solution.
大多数人最熟悉的因特网部分可能就是World-Wide-Web。这是一种通过一个叫HTTP
(hyper-text-transfer-protocol)的网络协议所形成的超级链结页面的总集，（在这儿）有因特网发布的全部信息。这是由提姆·伯纳斯·李在1989年发明的。他是一位在欧洲粒子物理研究所
（CERN：the European Particle Physics Laboratory）工作的物理学家，他想找出一种供物理学家分享各自研究信息的办法
- World-Wide-Web成为了他的解决方案。
So the web was started, although at
this time it was text-only. Graphics came later with
a browser called NCSA Mosaic. Both Microsoft's Internet
Explorer and Netscape were originally based on NCSA
Mosaic.
因此，因特网开始了，虽然那时的网络只是文本式的。后来产生了使用一种叫NCSA
Mosaic 浏览器的图表式（网络）。微软的Internet Explorer和Netscape都是原本基于NCSA
Mosaic之上的。
The graphical interface opened up the
internet to novice users and in 1993 its use exploded
as people were allowed to 'dial-in' to the internet
using their computer at home and a modem to ring up
an 'Internet Service Provider' (ISP) to get their connection
to this (now huge) network.
图表式的分界面使因特网向新手用户敞开了大门。1993年，当人们可以在家用他们的电脑和解频器给一位“因特网服务商（ISP）”打电话，并得以连接到这个（现在巨大）的网络上时，因特网的使用者爆炸性的（增加）了。
Before this the only computers connected
were at Universities and other large organizations that
could afford to hire cables between each other to transfer
the data over - but now anyone could use the internet
and it evolved into the 'Information Superhighway' that
we know and (possibly) love today.
在此之前，仅有的连接在一起的电脑只是在大学和其它那些可以承担租用连接彼此并转移数据的电缆的费用的大型组织里
- 但是现在，每个人都可以使用因特网，并且因特网已经发展成为我们知道和（有可能）喜爱的“信息高速路”。
Dialogue
Jeff: Life without the Internet is just
too hard to imagine.
Joan: What do you mainly use the Internet for?
Jeff: Research, email and chatting with my friends.
Joan: And what did you do before the Internet was invented?
Jeff: I wasn't even born then!
Joan: But many people in many countries don't have access
to the Internet.
Jeff: I wonder how they send email then?
Joan: They don't send email!
Jeff: What!!! You mean some people don't have email?
I just can't imagine life without email.
Joan: You are such a geek, Jeff!
杰夫：没有因特网的生活简直不可想象。
琼：你主要用因特网来做什么？
杰夫：查找信息，（收发）电子邮件，还有和我的朋友聊天。
琼：那么，在因特网被发明之前，你做什么呢？
杰夫：我那时还没有出生呢！
琼：但是在很多国家，很多人没有使用因特网的通道。
杰夫：我奇怪他们怎么发电子邮件呢？
琼：他们不发电子邮件的！
杰夫：什么！！！你在说有些人没有电子邮箱？我真是不能想象没有电子邮件的生活。
琼：你真是一个书呆子，杰夫！
